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    <title data-ignore-plain-text>Issue 7: Thinking about the Roman Empire&hellip;</title>
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            The End of the American Empire ͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;͏‌&nbsp;
        
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      <p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;letter-spacing:-.01em;text-align:center;" class="">Welcome to the last edition of our fortnightly newsletter for 2023! What a year it has been. This week we will be exploring some significant events happening in the United States, as well as making you all think about the Roman Empire! We will also look at some facts and figures from the year 1976… </p>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.328125em;mso-line-height-alt:1.328125em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Segoe UI', Candara, 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Trebuchet MS', Verdana, sans-serif;letter-spacing:.02em;text-align:center;">The Roman Empire</h4><p style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;letter-spacing:-.01em;text-align:center;" class=""><strong>Period:</strong> 27 BCE to 476 CE<br><strong>Region:</strong> Europe<br><strong>Extent:</strong> 1.9 million square miles<br><strong>Population:</strong> 50-80 million</p><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;letter-spacing:-.01em;">Find out more about the Roman Empire, why it fell, and what this can teach us about <em>The End of the American Empire</em> in February 2024!</p>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.328125em;mso-line-height-alt:1.328125em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Segoe UI', Candara, 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Trebuchet MS', Verdana, sans-serif;letter-spacing:.02em;text-align:center;">Recently in the American Empire…<br></h4><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;letter-spacing:-.01em;"><a href="https://time.com/6344440/us-vetoes-un-resolution-gaza-ceasefire-backlash/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#000 !important;">US Isolated at the UN as Sole Veto over Gaza Ceasefire</a><br>The unflinching US support for Israel and its continued war against Hamas has become untenable, morally unjustifiable and politically fraught for President Biden. The backlash from the veto was swift and widespread, both domestically and internationally. It is painfully apparent that there is no framework for peace within a Netanyahu led Israel, leaving the US with a serious problem to navigate. Mere days after the veto, the Ambassador to the UK, <a href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/israeli-envoy-absolutely-no-chance-of-a-palestinian-state/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#000 !important;">Tzipi Hotovely</a>, a Netanyahu political ally, contradicted US policy by ruling out a two-state solution, and the Israeli Knesset passed Decision 1129 which would allow settlement construction in the West Bank on an <a href="https://twitter.com/EpshtainItay/status/1734499276007379330" rel="nofollow" style="color:#000 !important;">“industrial scale</a>.” Israeli Defence Forces rules of engagement have been sharply called into focus as three Israeli hostages were shot and killed whilst waving a white flag of <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/dec/18/three-hostages-mistake-benjamin-netanyahu-israelis-palestinians" rel="nofollow" style="color:#000 !important;">surrender</a>. Suspicion grows that the true goal of the Gaza operation is one of <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/dec/07/widespread-destruction-in-gaza-puts-concept-of-domicide-in-focus" rel="nofollow" style="color:#000 !important;">Domicide</a>; namely the ruination of the entire area to force the resettlement of the almost 2 million Palestinian inhabitants.  <br><br><a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/petergeorgescu/2020/05/13/stock-buybacks-are-banned-let-it-be-a-trend/?sh=604888be6530" rel="nofollow" style="color:#000 !important;">Share Buybacks and the Myth of “Trickle-down Economics”</a><br>If you needed an example of how capitalism in the American Empire is broken, look no further than share buyback schemes. Illegal until 1982 and deemed market manipulation, this is now common practice. In 2018 alone, $1.25 trillion was spent by firms buying their own stock, and last week global healthcare group <a href="https://newsroom.thecignagroup.com/2023-12-10-The-Cigna-Group-Announces-Significant-Increase-to-Share-Repurchase-Program-of-10-Billion" rel="nofollow" style="color:#000 !important;">Cigna</a> became the latest example, authorising a $11 billion scheme to repurchase their own shares. Critics decry this practice as dangerous to the long-term economic health of the country and, as Berkeley professor and former Secretary of Labour, <a href="https://twitter.com/RBReich/status/1720162611331834151" rel="nofollow" style="color:#000 !important;">Robert Reich</a> states, they “don’t create more jobs. They don’t increase wages. They don’t grow the economy. The do one thing: make corporate execs richer.” Rampant inflation and an ongoing cost of living crisis would certainly seem to prove Reich correct in his assertions. The current capitalist model is broken and in dire need of repair. </p><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;letter-spacing:-.01em;"><a href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt17279496/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#000 !important;">The Truth is Stranger than Fiction</a><br>The first trailer for Alex Garland’s (<em>28 Days Later, The Beach, Ex Machina, Annihilation</em>) new film <em>Civil War</em> dropped last week and it certainly has people talking. The film stars Kirsten Dunst, Nick Offerman and Jesse Plemons and depicts a dystopian future civil war in the United States. This theme is particularly resonant with the issues I discuss in <em>The End of the American Empire</em>, and I am glad to see that others are warning of this fate. It is avoidable, but the violent rhetoric and outright lies we can expect during the 2024 presidential campaign make this terrible scenario more likely than ever. </p>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.328125em;mso-line-height-alt:1.328125em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Segoe UI', Candara, 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Trebuchet MS', Verdana, sans-serif;letter-spacing:.02em;text-align:center;"><br>Money in Politics</h4><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;letter-spacing:-.01em;">The 2024 election will be the most expensive on record, more than the previous USD$16.4 billion spent in 2020. It hasn’t always been this way…</p>
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      <h4 style="color:inherit;margin:1.414em 0 .5em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25em;font-size:1.328125em;mso-line-height-alt:1.328125em;margin-top:0;font-family:'Segoe UI', Candara, 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Trebuchet MS', Verdana, sans-serif;letter-spacing:.02em;text-align:center;">Let’s talk about debt</h4><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;letter-spacing:-.01em;">In 1976, the US national debt was (adjusted for inflation) USD$3.36 trillion, which represented 35% of US GDP. This might sound like a lot, but let’s take a look at the size of national debt in 2020...</p>
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      <p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;letter-spacing:-.01em;">Today’s national debt is USD$33,929,227,979,572 and counting. </p><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;letter-spacing:-.01em;"><a href="https://www.usdebtclock.org/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#000 !important;">Take a look for yourself</a>.</p>
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      <p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;letter-spacing:-.01em;">Thank you for your support, it means a lot. If you would like to comment on any of the points raised in these newsletters, please drop me a line on Instagram <a href="https://www.instagram.com/patrickwattsbooks/" rel="nofollow" style="color:#000 !important;">@patrickwattsbooks</a>, or Twitter <a href="https://twitter.com/pwattsbooks" rel="nofollow" style="color:#000 !important;">@pwattsbooks</a>.</p><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;letter-spacing:-.01em;">Have a great Christmas and a happy New Year.   </p><p class="" style="color:inherit;font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.618em;margin:0 0 1.25em 0;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;font-family:'Liberation Serif', 'Nimbus Roman No9 L Regular', Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;letter-spacing:-.01em;">Cheers!<br>Patrick</p>
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